Nestled in the breathtaking landscapes of Granada, the Alpujarra region is not just a feast for the eyes but also a paradise for wine lovers. Here, in the shadow of the Sierra Nevada, time-honored traditions meet unique environmental conditions to produce wines that are as extraordinary as the region itself. Let’s explore the rich story behind these wines, their unique characteristics, and the dedication of the people who craft them.
Ancient Roots: The Origins of Alpujarra Wine
Wine production in Granada dates back over two millennia, to the Roman era. Archaeological discoveries at Molvízar, specifically at the site known as Loma de Ceres, revealed evidence of wine presses and amphorae storage, highlighting the region’s deep connection to viticulture.
Fast forward to the 15th century, after the Catholic Monarchs reclaimed Granada. Joan of Castile issued a decree ensuring that only locally produced wine could be consumed within a three-league radius of the city—a rule that lasted an impressive 300 years. By the 18th and 19th centuries, vineyards had become the heart of Alpujarra agriculture, particularly in the Contraviesa area.
Recognizing its rich heritage, the designation “Vino de la Tierra Contraviesa-Alpujarra” was formalized in 1992 and later earned Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status in 2018. This seal guarantees quality and celebrates the historic significance of Granada’s wines.
The Magic of the Landscape: High-Altitude Vineyards
Alpujarra’s vineyards are among Europe’s highest, many situated over 1,000 meters above sea level. This altitude, combined with abundant sunshine and a Mediterranean climate tempered by mountain influences, creates ideal conditions for viticulture. These factors contribute to the development of grapes with unique flavor profiles and exceptional quality.
The province’s exceptional topography supports diverse microclimates, ensuring that every vineyard adds its unique character to the wines produced.
Recognized Excellence: Geographical Indications of Alpujarra Wines
In addition to the PDO for Granada wines, the region also boasts three Protected Geographical Indications (PGIs), which further affirm the exceptional diversity and quality of its wines:
- Wine from the Land of the Sierra Nevada Altiplano.
- Wine from the Guadalfeo Peaks.
- Wine from the slopes of the Genil.
Within the Contraviesa-Alpujarra subzone, villages such as Albuñol, Cádiar, Murtas, and Sorvilán play a central role in maintaining this winemaking tradition.
The Rise, Fall, and Revival of Alpujarra Vineyards
In the 19th century, Alpujarra’s vineyards spanned an impressive 40,000 hectares. However, the phylloxera plague, a devastating pest infestation, led to the collapse of viticulture in the region. What was once the area’s primary crop was nearly obliterated. Today, only around 300 hectares remain actively cultivated, but efforts to revive these vineyards are ongoing. These initiatives not only preserve an age-old tradition but also promote sustainable agriculture and rural development.
Grape Varieties: A Blend of Heritage and Innovation
The Alpujarra region is home to both native and imported grape varieties, each adding depth and diversity to its wines.
White Varieties: Vijiriego, Moscatel, Pedro Ximénez, Baladí Verdejo, Sauvignon Blanc, and Chardonnay.
Red Varieties: Tempranillo, Garnacha, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir, and Petit Verdot.
Among these, the native Vijiriego grape holds a special place. Unique to Granada and the Canary Islands, this vigorous variety is prized for its resistance and suitability for crafting natural sparkling wines. Its rich history and rarity make it a treasure for the region’s winemakers.
Crafting Excellence: Alpujarra’s Vineyard Practices
Alpujarra’s winemakers employ both traditional and modern techniques to ensure quality:
- Bush-trained vines (Goblet): This ancient method allows the vines to grow freely, creating rounded shapes. While labor-intensive, it produces grapes of exceptional quality.
- Trellised vines: A more modern approach, this method facilitates mechanization and precise vineyard management, particularly in irrigation and harvesting.
The manual care taken during grape harvest—where only the best, ripest grapes are selected—further underscores the dedication of Alpujarra’s wine producers.
Climate’s Role in Wine Quality
The region’s high altitude and cool annual temperatures contribute to a slower, more uniform ripening process. This allows grapes to develop rich polyphenols, which enhance the wine’s color, structure, and flavor. The significant temperature difference between day and night further aids in achieving perfect ripeness.
A Diverse Offering: Alpujarra’s Wine Portfolio
From crisp whites to robust reds, Alpujarra’s wines cater to every palate:
- White, Rosé, and Red Wines: Available in dry, semi-dry, sweet, and semi-sweet varieties.
- Sparkling Wines: Crafted in styles ranging from brut nature to sweet.
- Late Harvest Wines: Naturally sweet wines made from overripe grapes, celebrated for their intense flavors.
- Organic Wines: A growing trend in the region, reflecting a commitment to sustainability.
One local specialty stands out—the vino costa, a traditional wine made by blending red and white grapes. This rustic creation embodies the spirit of the Alpujarra, offering a taste of the region’s heritage in every sip.
A Glass of Alpujarra: A Celebration of Culture
Enjoying a glass of Alpujarra wine is more than a tasting experience—it’s a journey through history, nature, and human craftsmanship. The dedication of the region’s winemakers, combined with its unique landscape and climate, ensures that each bottle captures the essence of this remarkable area.
For travelers seeking authenticity, Alpujarra offers more than just wine. Pair a sunset over the Sierra Nevada with a glass of local vino, and you’ll find yourself immersed in a world where time slows down, and every moment becomes a celebration of life.
